The working principle of electrical equipment includes core components and organizational structure, operating states and control methods, input and output physical quantities, and energy transformation. To meet the requirements of universality in manufacturing and ease of use and maintenance, the organizational structure of electrical equipment consists of a hardware system and a control system.
A standard hardware model typically consists of a casing structure, input modules, processing modules, output modules, protection modules, human-machine interface modules, communication modules, and a power supply module. The input, processing, and output modules form the main circuit, realizing the circuit's primary functions. The protection, human-machine interface, communication, and power supply modules form the auxiliary circuit, cooperating with the main circuit to ensure its normal operation.
Control model standards are divided into traditional control and electrical control. An electrical control system consists of information sampling, information processing, control output, and human-machine interaction.
Energy transformation is the essential law governing the energy behavior of electrical equipment, including the internal consumption of electromagnetic energy and the mutual transformation of other external energies. Various physical laws are typically used to describe the energy changes in electrical equipment, including the mutual conversion between electromagnetic energy and mechanical, thermal, light, and chemical energy. Because the mutual conversion between electromagnetic energy and other energies is simple and direct, electrical equipment has high energy utilization efficiency.